LESSON PLAN STEPS (HERBARTIAN APPROACH)

A lesson plan is the systematic preparation done in a scientific manner. Effective and successful teaching mainly depends on perfect lesson planning. A lesson plan represents a single teaching unit meant for a class period. Generally a lesson plan is teacher’s mental and emotional visualization of classroom activities

LESSON PLAN STEPS (HERBARTIAN APPROACH)

                        This approach generally known as Herbartian Five steps approach in the procedure of the Herbartian School of pedagogy propagated by J.F. Herbart (1776-1841) and his followers.

The formal steps involved in the approach as below

1)     Introduction/Motivation

2)     Presentation

3)     Comparison and association

4)     Generalization

5)     Application

6)     Recapitulation

Introduction/Motivation

            This step is concerned with the task of preparing the students for receiving new knowledge. In preparation, nothing new is taught to students. Relevant to the topic in hand the teacher should make himself sure of what the pupils already know , by putting a few questions , based on the pupils previous knowledge. In general, with the help of this step, the teacher can check the students entering behavior before he starts teaching the lesson. Thus, testing previous knowledge, developing interest in the minds of students and maintaining curiosity of the students can be achieved with the help of this step.

The following activities involved in this step

·        The assumption about the previous knowledge of the students in relevance to the lesson

·        The testing of the previous knowledge

·        Utilizing the previous knowledge for introducing the lesson

·        Motivating thee students for studying the present lesson

Presentation

      It is the key step and only through which the actual process of teaching is going to take place. Here the aims of the lesson should be stated clearly and the heading should be written on the blackboard. We have to provide situation for both the teacher and the students to participate in the process of teaching and learning. Our ultimate aim of the presentation is to make the concepts understandable to the students. Therefore simple language is used. Appropriate and specific examples and illustrations of the concepts will make the understanding better. The interest of the students on the subject matter should be maintained continuously by the way of asking questions from time to time in this stage. The teacher should carefully and skillfully arrange his material so that his pupils may clearly and readily grasp it. The teacher should make proper use of questions, charts, graphs, pictures, models and  other illustrative for demonstration and explanation.

At the end of each section a few questions concerning that section only should be asked to whether the pupils are now ready  for the acquisition of knew knowledge.

Comparison or Association

More importance should be given in this stage to compare the facts observed by the students with another concept by way of giving examples. By making use of this comparison, the students can derive definitions or theories. The students are encouraged to give new suitable examples for the concept instead of the examples given in the book to make them think in an innovative manner.

Generalization

This step is concerned with arriving at some general ideas or drawing out the necessary conclusions by the students on the basis of the different comparisons, contracts and associated observed in the learning material present by the teacher. As far as possible the task of formulation should be left to students. The teacher at this stage should try to remain in the background for providing only necessary guidance and correction.

Application

      In this stage, the teacher makes the students to use the understood knowledge in an unfamiliar situation. Unless the knowledge of science is applied in new situations or in our day-to-day life, the study f science will become meaningless. This application off scientific principles will strengthen learning and will make the learning permanent                   

Recapitulation

This stage is meant for the teachers to know whether students have grasped and understood these concepts taught or not. This can be achieved by reviewing a lesson or by giving assignments to the students. Only through this step achieving closure (in teaching) is possible.

Reference

 Mohan Radha, (2002)Innovative Science Teaching for Physical Science Teachers.New Delhi:Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.

Mangal S.K.,(2002). Teaching of Physical and Life Science. New Delhi:Arya Book Depot

Wadhwa Shalini, (2008). Modern methods of Teaching Physics. New Delhi: Karan paper backs

Rajasekar,S.(2008). Methods of Teaching Physical Science. New Delhi: Neelkamal Publications Pvt.Ltd.

Vanaja(2013). Methods of Teaching Physical Science. New Delhi: Neelkamal Publications Pvt.Ltd.